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Back to Cardiovascular Diseases
Atrial tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia occurs when the atrial rate exceeds 100
bpm and the origin of electrical activity is within the atrium but
outside the sinus node. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT), especially
with second-degree AV block (PAT with block) classically is associated
with digitalis toxicity.
Multifocal atrial tachycardla often is associated with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure (HF) and may be
potentiated by concomitant therapy with
theophylline. Therapy is
targeted at the underlying pathophysiologic process.
ECG reading
The ECG typically reveals an atrial rate
of 100-200 bpm and may be observed to increase and decrease over time.
The P waves have an abnormal configuration and axis, the
PR interval
depends on the atrial rate, and the
QRS pattern is either normal or
reflects aberrant conduction secondary to the increased rate.
Treatment
PAT with block in the setting of
digitalis therapy should be treated by discontinuing digitalis and
maintaining normal serum potassium levels. If refractory
and symptomatic, treatment with digoxin antibodies and (if necessary)
with lidocaine,
propranolol, or phenytoin should be considered.
In clinical situations not associated
with digitalis toxicity calcium channel antagonists, beta-adrenergic
antagonists, or digitalis may be used to slow the ventricular response
rate.
If atrial tachycardia persists, class Ia, Ic, or III agents can be
added. Unifocal or re-entrant atrial
tachycardias often can be eliminated permanently with radiofrequency
catheter or surgical ablation.
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