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Back to Chest Drug index
Aminophylline
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Xolair reduced the rate of hospital emergency visits by 44% in
patients with inadequately controlled asthma.
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 related discussion |
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Theophylline ethylenediamine
Amoline, Phyllocontin, Truphylline
Pregnancy Category C
Drug classes
Bronchodilator
Xanthine
Mechanism of action
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation and increasing
vital capacity, which has been impaired by bronchospasm and air trapping;
in higher concentrations, it also inhibits the release of slow-reacting
substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and histamine.
Indications
- Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and reversible
bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Unlabeled uses:
- Respiratory stimulant in Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- Treatment of apnea and bradycardia in premature babies
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to any xanthine or to ethylenediamine,
- Peptic ulcer
- Active gastritis
- Rectal or colonic irritation or infection (use of the rectal preparations)
Use caution in the presence of cardiac arrhythmias, acute myocardial
injury, CHF, cor pulmonale, severe hypertension, severe hypoxemia, renal
or hepatic disease, hyperthyroidism, alcoholism, labor, lactation.
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Adverse effects
- Serum theophylline levels 20-25 ęg/ml: nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, headache, insomnia, irritability (75% of patients)
- Serum theophylline levels 30-35 ęg/ml: hyperglycemia, hypotension, cardiac
arrhythmias, tachycardia ( 10 ęg/ml in premature newborns); seizures, brain
damage, death
- CNS: Irritability (especially
children); restlessness, dizziness, muscle twitching, convulsions, severe
depression, stammering speech; abnormal behavior characterized by withdrawal,
mutism andunresponsiveness alternating with hyperactive periods
- GI: Loss of appetite, hematemesis,
epigastric pain, gastroesophageal reflux during sleep, increased SGOT
- CV: Palpitations, sinus tachycardia,
ventricular tachycardia, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, circulatory
failure
Respiratory: Tachypnea, respiratory arrest
- GU: Proteinuria, increased excretion
of renal tubular cells & RBCs; diuresis (dehydration), urinary retention
in men with prostate enlargement
- Other: Fever, flushing, hyperglycemia,
SIADH, rash
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