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Back to Dermatology Diseases
Contact dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis, as the name implies, is the result of
direct contact with an irritant. One of the most common causes of this
form are buttons and rivets in jeans, which contain nickel. Irritant
contact dermatitis is similar but is caused by a reaction to some
chemical substance, often unrinsed detergents left on clothing or
various household chemicals being handled. Stress and anxiety often
make otherwise minor outbreaks spread.
Symptoms and clinical manifestations
It presents as eczema. Primary lesions (the disease appearance at the very start) may include
papules, erythematous macules, and vesicles, which can coalesce to form
patches and plaques. In severe eczema, secondary lesions (the disease
appearance later on) from infection or excoriation, marked by weeping
and crusting, may predominate. Long-standing dermatitis is often dry and
is characterized by thickened, scaling skin (lichenification).
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Treatment
It is important to identify any possible contact allergens. Treatment
of coexistent infection, and application of topical glucocorticoids (preferrably
combined with a topical antibiotic) are usually sufficient.
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