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Back to Endocrine Diseases
Central (cranial) diabetes insipidus
It results from vasopressin (ADH) deficiency due to many causes.
Clinical suspicion
Suspect when polyuria and nocturia are not accompanied by diabetes mellitus.
Diagnosis
High plasma osmolality and low urine osmolality. Plasma sodium is usually
higher than normal.
In cases in which the osmolality levels and the sodium levels are equivocal
then a water deprivation test should be conducted.
Again in cases where all the above are inconclusive a hypertonic saline
infusion test.
Treatment
Desamino-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP, desmopressin) is the treatment
of choice.
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