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Jaundice
Definition
Yellow discoloration of the sclera, mucous membranes and skin due to
hyperbilirubinemia. It is usually apparent by clinical examination when
the serum bilirubin exceeds 3mg%.
- Hemolytic anemia (Differential
diagnosis)
- Reduced bilirubin uptake: Gilbert's syndrome, severe congestive
heart failure and drugs.
- Reduced bilirubin conjugation: Crigler-Najjar syndrome, breast milk
jaundice.
2. Hepatocellular
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Mainly conjugated
bilirubin
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1. Acute liver diseases
- Infectious hepatitis
- Drugs: alcohol, paracetamol, halothane, MAO inhibitors
- Poisons: amanita phalloides, aflatoxin, carbon tetrachloride, tetracyclines
- Wilson's disease.
2. Chronic liver diseases
- Chronic viral hepatitis
- Chronic autoimmune hepatitis
- Drugs: methyl dopa, isoniazide, ketoconazole, nitrofurantoin.
- Alpha - 1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Wilson's disease
1. Intrahepatic
- Biliary cirrhosis
- Sclerosing cholangitis
- Viral hepatitis
- Congenital: Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome
2. Extrahepatic
- Cancer pancreas
- Stone
- Biliary stricture
- Sclerosing cholangitis
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