Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Emergency Medicine for August 2011. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
CPR Pre-Heart Rhythm Analysis Does Not Affect Outcomes
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 31 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the outcome of a brief period of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with early rhythm analysis is similar to that of a longer period of CPR with delayed rhythm analysis; and the use of an impedance threshold device (ITD) during standard CPR does not significantly improve survival with satisfactory function, according to two studies published in the Sept. 1 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Composition of ICU Team Affects Professional Burnout
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 31 (HealthDay News) -- The composition of caregiver teams in intensive care units (ICUs) affects the risk of professional burnout, with an increased proportion of female nurses associated with a decreased risk, according to a study published online Aug. 18 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
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Pediatric Window-Fall-Related Head Injuries Analyzed
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 31 (HealthDay News) -- Children younger than 4 years of age or those landing on hard surfaces are more likely to sustain head injuries, be hospitalized, or die in window-related falls than older children or those who fall on cushioning surfaces, according to a study published online Aug. 22 in Pediatrics.
Increasing BMI Ups Atonic Uterus Hemorrhage Risk
TUESDAY, Aug. 30 (HealthDay News) -- The risk of postpartum atonic uterus hemorrhage increases with increasing maternal body mass index (BMI), but there is no correlation between obesity and postpartum hemorrhage with retained placenta, according to a study published in the September issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
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AAP, CPS Oppose Boxing for Children and Adolescents
TUESDAY, Aug. 230 (HealthDay News) -- The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) oppose boxing for children and adolescents, and recommend that physicians encourage participation in alternate sports that do not involve head blows, according to a policy statement by the AAP and the CPS, published online Aug. 28 in Pediatrics.
ESC: Addition of IABC to PCI Doesn't Reduce Infarct Size
TUESDAY, Aug. 30 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without shock, use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) plus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) does not reduce the size of myocardial infarct more than PCI alone, according to a study published online Aug. 29 in the Journal of the American Medical Association, to coincide with its presentation at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2011, held Aug. 27-31, in Paris, France.
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Apixaban Superior to Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in A-Fib
MONDAY, Aug. 29 (HealthDay News) -- Apixaban is superior to warfarin in lowering the risk of stroke or systemic embolism, and reduces the rate of major bleeding and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation, according to a study published online Aug. 28 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2011 held Aug. 27 to 31 in Paris, France.
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Colchicine Safe, Effective Adjunct in Recurrent Pericarditis
MONDAY, Aug. 29 (HealthDay News) -- Colchicine appears to be safe and effective for the secondary prevention of recurrent pericarditis, according to a study published online first August 28 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Drug-Eluting Stents Better for Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions
MONDAY, Aug. 29 (HealthDay News) -- Drug-eluting stents are better than bare-metal stents for reducing the risk of adverse events for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for de-novo saphenous vein graft lesions, according to a study published online Aug. 28 in The Lancet, to coincide with the European Society of Cardiology Congress held Aug. 27 to 31 in Paris, France.
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Loss of Jobs Means Loss of Health Coverage for Many in U.S.
MONDAY, Aug. 29 (HealthDay News) -- For American adults who lose their health insurance coverage when they lose their jobs, the majority remain uninsured, delay getting needed health care or prescriptions, and report financial difficulties paying medical bills, according to a report published online Aug. 24 by The Commonwealth Fund.
Extended-Release Opioid Pain Medication Approved
FRIDAY, Aug. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Nucynta ER (tapentadol extended release) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat moderate-to-severe chronic pain in adults, maker Janssen Pharmaceuticals said.
Higher 90-Day Mortality in New Jersey Weekend Stroke Admits
FRIDAY, Aug. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with stroke admitted to New Jersey hospitals on weekends have a significantly increased 90-day mortality compared to those admitted on weekdays, but stroke admissions to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) have similar 90-day mortality for weekend versus weekday admissions, according to a study published online Aug. 25 in Stroke.
Early Plasma Exchange Tied to Improved Course of HUS
FRIDAY, Aug. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Early plasma exchange therapy is associated with increased median platelet count and glomerular filtration rate, decreased median lactate dehydrogenase concentration, and improved neurological status in adults with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), according to a study published online Aug. 25 in The Lancet.
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Expedited Partner Therapy Use Benefits Gonorrhea, Chlamydia
FRIDAY, Aug. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Expedited partner therapy should be used in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) guidelines to prevent reinfection by treating partners of patients with gonorrhea and chlamydia who are unable or unwilling to seek medical care, according to a committee opinion published in the September issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
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Complementary Medicine Used More by Health Care Workers
FRIDAY, Aug. 26 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. health care workers, especially health care providers, are more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) than the general, employed U.S. population, according to a study published online Aug. 22 in Health Services Research.
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Pharmaceutical Ads Often Don't Adhere to U.S. FDA Guidelines
THURSDAY, Aug. 25 (HealthDay News) -- Physician-targeting pharmaceutical advertisements have low rates of adherence to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines and provide inadequate information for safe prescribing, according to a study published online Aug. 17 in PLoS One.
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Firazyr Approved for Acute Hereditary Angioedema
THURSDAY, Aug. 25 (HealthDay News) -- Firazyr (icatibant) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in adults.
U.S. Hereditary Angioedema Association
Occipital Padding Maintains Neutral Spine Alignment
THURSDAY, Aug. 25 (HealthDay News) -- The placement of padding beneath the occiput after helmet removal may be used as an effective measure to maintain neutral cervical spine alignment in the event of helmet removal among football athletes, according to a study published online Aug. 18 in Spine.
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Azithromycin Decreases COPD Exacerbation Frequency
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- In selected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), daily azithromycin for one year together with usual treatment decreases the frequency of exacerbations but increases the frequency of hearing decrements, according to a study published Aug. 25 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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CDC: Two Salmonella Outbreaks Investigated
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- Two outbreaks of Salmonella infections, Salmonella Altona and Salmonella Johannesburg, have been linked to chicks and ducklings from a single mail-order hatchery, according to an update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Hospitalization Ups Unintentional Discontinuation of Meds
TUESDAY, Aug. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with unintentional discontinuation of medication for chronic diseases, according to a study published online Aug. 23 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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U.S. Door-To-Balloon Time Shortens From 2005 to 2010
TUESDAY, Aug. 23 (HealthDay News) -- The door-to-balloon (D2B) time (from hospital arrival to mechanical reperfusion) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the United States improved between 2005 and 2010, according to a study published online Aug. 22 in Circulation.
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NSAID Intolerance Indicative of Intolerance to Etoricoxib
MONDAY, Aug. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with urticaria and/or angioedema with hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be intolerant to etoricoxib, according to a study published online Aug. 11 in Allergy.
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CDC: 2010/2011 Flu Vaccination Coverage Studied
THURSDAY, Aug. 18 (HealthDay News) -- Influenza vaccination coverage among health care personnel (HCP) and pregnant women in the 2010/2011 influenza season was similar to coverage for the 2009/2010 season, according to two reports in the Aug. 19 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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High Cumulative Malpractice Risk for All Physicians
THURSDAY, Aug. 18 (HealthDay News) -- Physicians in all specialties have a high cumulative risk of facing a malpractice claim by age 65; although most claims do not lead to indemnity payments, according to a study published in the Aug. 18 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
Peanut Butter Products Linked to Salmonellosis Outbreak
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 17 (HealthDay News) -- A nationwide outbreak of human Salmonella Typhimurium infections in the United States in 2008 has been attributed to eating a specific brand of contaminated peanut butter and peanut products, according to a study published in the Aug 18 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Obesity Ups Risk of Incident Gout, Tied to Earlier Onset
THURSDAY, Aug. 11 (HealthDay News) -- Obesity is a strong risk factor for incident gout, and is correlated with a younger age of gout onset, according to a study published in the August issue of Arthritis Care & Research.
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CDC: Lower Socioeconomic Status Tied to Higher HIV Rate
THURSDAY, Aug. 11 (HealthDay News) -- The prevalence of HIV infections appears to be higher among individuals with lower socioeconomic status in urban areas with a high prevalence of AIDS, according to a report in the Aug. 12 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
Familial Factors Predict VTE in Unaffected Siblings
TUESDAY, Aug. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Familial risk factors are significant predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among unaffected siblings between the ages of 10 to 69 years, and although the absolute risk increases with age, the relative contribution of familial factors decreases with age, according to a study published online Aug. 8 in Circulation.
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More Neurology Residents Comfortable Using tPA for Stroke
MONDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- The number of graduating U.S. neurology residents with experience, and who report feeling comfortable, treating acute ischemic stroke patients with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) increased from 2000 to 2010, with more residents having exposure to stroke teams and formal training in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, according to a study published online Aug. 4 in Stroke.
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Certain Suicidal Behaviors Differ for Early, Late Teens
MONDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Suicidal behavior among early and late adolescents prescribed antidepressants differs in terms of the methods used, history of abuse, and psychotic disorders, although for both groups the most frequent method is medication ingestion, according to a study published online Aug. 8 in Pediatrics.
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Cost of Interacting With Payers Higher in U.S. Than Canada
FRIDAY, Aug. 5 (HealthDay News) -- Physician practices in the United States spend considerably more on interactions with health plans than Canadian practices, according to a study published in the August issue of Health Affairs.
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Antidepressant Prescriptions for Non-Psych Disorders Up
FRIDAY, Aug. 5 (HealthDay News) --The number of antidepressants prescribed by non-psychiatrist physicians to patients without a psychiatric disorder continues to rise, according to a study published in the August issue of Health Affairs.
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First Treatment Solely for Scorpion Stings Approved
THURSDAY, Aug. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Anascorp, the first injection devised solely to treat scorpion stings, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
CDC: Age Range Expanded for Meningococcal Vaccine
THURSDAY, Aug. 4 (HealthDay News) -- MenACWY-CRM (Menveo, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics), a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, appears to be safe and effective for use with the recently extended age indication, and is interchangeable with the other licensed meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-D (Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur), according to a report in the Aug. 5 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
Teens Who Misuse Controlled Meds More Likely to Abuse Drugs
THURSDAY, Aug. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Among adolescents who take at least one prescribed controlled medication, 22 percent report misuse, and misusers are significantly more likely to have a positive screening result for drug abuse, according to a study published in the August issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
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Specific Criteria Beat DSM-IV in ID of Bipolar in Major Depression
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- In patients being treated for a major depressive episode (MDE), use of bipolarity-specifier criteria is a valid method of identifying bipolar disorders and identifies more cases than using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, according to a study published in the August issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic H1N1 2009 Virus Emerging
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- Clinicians should be aware of an emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 2009 virus, particularly in immunocompromised patients, according to a study published online July 29 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infectious Diseases.
High Risk of Adverse Outcomes Tied to SSRI Use in Elderly
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- In older individuals with depression, use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and certain other antidepressants is associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), according to a study published online Aug. 2 in BMJ.
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High Doses of Zinc Found to Reduce Common Cold Duration
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- In individuals with natural common cold infections, use of lozenges containing a daily zinc dose of over 75 mg significantly reduces cold symptoms, but use of a daily total of less than 75 mg shows no effect, according to a meta-analysis published online June 23 in the Open Respiratory Medicine Journal.
Gender-Based Violence Tied to Women's Mental Health Disorders
TUESDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Gender-based violence (GBV) is significantly associated with mental health disorder, dysfunction, and disability in a representative sample of Australian women, according to a study published in the Aug. 3 violence/human-rights themed-issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Infrastructure Tied to Most U.K. Obesity-Related Safety Events
MONDAY, Aug. 1 (HealthDay News) -- The majority of obesity-associated safety incidents reported to the United Kingdom's National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) are related to infrastructure, and are classified as low or no harm, according to a study published online July 25 in the Postgraduate Medical Journal.
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