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Acute myeloid leukemia
Diagnosis
Updated: October 27, 2005
Clinical suspicion
The clinical picture and
abnormalities on the CBC
raise the possibility of leukemia.
Diagnosis
CBC
AML is usually accompanied by an abnormal white blood cell count
and differential, hematocrit/ hemoglobin, and platelet count.
Bone marrow examination
The diagnosis is substantiated pathologically by a bone
marrow examination which exhibits an abnormal bone marrow with at
least 20% blasts.
Immunophenotyping & cytogenetics
All patients should have cytochemistry, immunophenotyping by
fluorescentactivated cell sorter (FACS) using monoclonal antibodies
directed at leukemiaspecific antigens and cytogenetic analysis of
the marrow or peripheral blood blasts at diagnosis.
Imaging
A chest x-ray, abdominal ultrasound may help in the
assessment of infection and organ infiltration.
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Lumbar puncture
A
lumbar puncture
should be performed at diagnosis in all patients with neurologic
symptoms regardless of age and pathology.
Other tests
Other tests used to evaluate metabolic abnormalities
(electrolytes,
creatinine, and
liver function tests) and coagulopathies are also needed at
diagnosis.
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